HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INDONESIAN INDEPENDENCE

Historical Background of Indonesian Independence

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On August 6th 1945 an atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan by the United States have begun to demoralize the spirit of the Japanese army in the world. A day later the Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence BPUPKI, or Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai, renamed PPKI (Committee for Indonesian Independence) or also called Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai in Japanese, to further confirm the desire and the goal of achieving the independence of Indonesia. On August 9, 1945, the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, causing the Japanese surrendered to the United States and its allies. This moment is also used by Indonesia to declare its independence.

Soekarno, Hatta as leader PPKI and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat as a former chairman of BPUPKI flown to Dalat, 250 km northeast side of Saigon, Vietnam to meet Marshal Terauchi. They reported that Japanese troops were on the verge of defeat and will give independence to Indonesia. Meanwhile in Indonesia, on August 10, 1945, Sutan Sjahrir had heard the news over the radio that Japan had surrendered to the Allies. The underground fighters preparing proclaimed Indonesia's independence, and rejected the form of independence given as a gift Japan. On August 12, 1945, Japan by Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, told Sukarno, Hatta and Radjiman that the Japanese government will soon grant independence to Indonesia and the proclamation of independence can be implemented within a few days, depending on how PPKI. Nevertheless the Japanese wanted the independence of Indonesia on August 24. Two days later, when Sukarno, Hatta and Radjiman returned to their homeland from Dalat, Sutan Sjahrir urged Sukarno immediately declare independence because it considers the results of the meeting in Dalat as a ruse Japan, because Japan every moment had to be surrendered to the Allies and to avoid a split in the nationalist camp, between anti and pro-Japanese. Syahrir Hatta told about the meeting in Dalat. Sukarno did not believe that the Japanese had surrendered, and the proclamation of independence of Indonesia when it could lead to bloodshed were great, and can have fatal consequences if the fighters Indonesia is not ready. Soekarno Hatta warned that Sjahrir was not entitled to declare independence because it is the right of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI). Meanwhile Syahrir agency considers PPKI is made in Japan and the proclamation of independence by PPKI only a 'gift' from Japan.

On August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered to the Allies. Army and Navy of Japan was still in power in Indonesia because Japan has promised to restore power in Indonesia into Allied hands. Sutan Sjahrir, Wikana, Dervish, and Chairul Saleh heard this news through the BBC radio. After hearing rumors of Japan would bend the knees, a young group urged the elderly to immediately proclaim the independence of Indonesia. However, the elderly do not want to rush. They do not want the bloodshed at the time of the proclamation. Consultation was conducted through meeting PPKI. All young people do not approve of the meeting, considering PPKI is a body established by the Japanese. They wanted independence for the efforts of our own nation and not giving Japan. Soekarno and Hatta went to the military authorities of Japan (Gunsei) to obtain confirmation of his office at Koningsplein (Merdeka Square). But the office was empty. Soekarno and Hatta together Soebardjo then to the office Bukanfu, Rear Admiral Maeda, at Jalan Medan Merdeka Utara (Maeda house on Jl Imam Bonjol 1). Maeda welcome them with congratulations on their success in Dalat. As he answered he had not received the confirmation and was still awaiting instructions from Tokyo. Returning from Maeda, Sukarno and Hatta immediately prepare a meeting of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) on August 16 at 10 am the next day at the office Pejambon Road No 2 to discuss all things related to the preparation of the Declaration of Independence. A day later, the pressure fluctuation which requires takeover launched in Indonesia became the youth of some golongan.Rapat PPKI on August 16 at 10 am was not held because of Sukarno and Hatta did not appear. The meeting participants did not know the event has occurred Rengasdengklok.